Alkoholi uurimused
Alkohol ja noored/Alcohol and youth
Age at Drinking Onset and Alcohol Dependence
Relative to respondents who began drinking at 21 years or older, those who began drinking before age 14 years were more likely to experience alcohol dependence ever and within 10 years of first drinking.
Uurimus/research
Alcohol and Development in Youth—A Multidisciplinary Overview
This article summarizes research on the epidemiology of youth drinking, including the consequences of youthful drinking, risk and protective factors and drinking trajectories, and information on special populations at particular risk for drinking-related problems.
Uurimus/research (NIAAA)
Effects of Alcohol Advertising Exposure on Drinking Among Youth
Youth who saw more alcohol advertisements on average drank more (each additional advertisement seen increased the number of drinks consumed by 1%. Youth in markets with greater alcohol advertising expenditures drank more (each additional dollar spent per capita raised the number of drinks consumed by 3%.
Uurimus/research
Use of Cigarettes and Alcohol by Preschoolers While Role-playing as Adults
Children purchased a mean of 17 of the 73 products in the store. Thirty-four children (28.3%) bought cigarettes and 74 (61.7%) bought alcohol. Children were more likely to buy cigarettes if their parents smoked (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-12.63). Children were more likely to buy beer or wine if their parents drank alcohol at least monthly (adjusted OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.02-9.10) or if they viewed PG-13– or R-rated movies (adjusted OR, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.14-22.90). Children’s play behavior suggests that they are highly attentive to the use and enjoyment of alcohol and tobacco and have well-established expectations about how cigarettes and alcohol fit into social settings.
Alkoholi mõju/Alcohol´s influence
Blind Drunk: The Effects of Alcohol on Inattentional Blindness
Alcohol consumption is a major contributor to road accidents. While it is likely that perceptual processing deficits contribute to poorer driving performance among intoxicated individuals, we know little about alcohol’s role in particular perceptual processes. For instance, we know that even sober individuals can fail to detect unexpected salient objects that appear in their visual fields, a phenomenon known as inattentional blindness (IB; Mack & Rock, 1998). We were interested in whether these visual errors become more or less likely when subjects are under the influence of alcohol or just think that they are drunk.
Uurimus/research (Wiley Interscience)
Haiguskoormuse tõttu kaotatud eluaastad Eestis: seosed riskifaktoritega ja riskide vähendamise kulutõhusus
Alkoholi liigtarvitamine põhjustab Eesti rahvastikus 22 248 eluaasta kao, mis moodustab kogu haiguskoormusest 6,7% (sh meestel 12% ja naistel 1%). Alkoholist tingitud kaotusest 99% langeb meestele ning koormuse põhiosa moodustab enneaegsetest surmadest tingitud kaotus.
Uurimus/research (Taavi Lai)
Mõõdukas tarvitamine/Moderate drinking
Moderate alcohol use and reduced mortality risk: Systematic error in prospective studies
The majority of prospective studies on alcohol use and mortality risk indicates that abstainers are at increased risk of mortality from both all causes and coronary heart disease (CHD). This meta-analysis of 54 published studies tested the extent to which a systematic misclassification error was committed by including as ‘abstainers’ many people who had reduced or stopped drinking, a phenomenon associated with ageing and ill health. The studies judged to be error free found no significant all-cause or cardiac protection, suggesting that the cardiac protection afforded by alcohol may have been over-estimated. Estimates of mortality from heavier drinking may also be higher than previously estimated.
Uurimus/research (Taylor and Francis)
Moderate levels of ethanol induce expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and stimulate angiogenesis
The purpose of the present study is to determine whether moderate levels of ethanol, i.e., concentrations that can be achieved in human subjects with moderate consumption, can stimulate VEGF expression and induce angiogenesis. The results show that moderate levels of ethanol can induce VEGF expression in coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells (CAVSMC) and induce angiogenesis (as well as VEGF expression) in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (
Uurimus/research (AJP)
Moderate ethanol consumption increases hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse
Moderate alcohol consumption over a relatively long period of time can enhance the formation of new nerve cells in the adult brain. The new cells could prove important in the development of alcohol dependency and other long-term effects of alcohol on the brain. The findings are published by Karolinska Institutet.
Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Study
The authors assessed the association between moderate alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Study (United States, 1992–2004). During an average of 10 years of follow-up, 1,484 cases of total breast cancer (1,190 invasive and 294 in situ) were documented among 38,454 women who, at baseline, were free of cancer and cardiovascular disease and provided detailed dietary information, including alcohol consumption, for the preceding 12 months. The findings from this prospective study suggest that moderate alcohol consumption increases breast cancer risk.
Uurimus/research (American Journal of Epidemiology)
Fetaalne alkoholi sündroom/FASD
Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Cognitive Status of Children at Age 10
A significant relation was found between alcohol exposure during the first and second trimesters and the composite score of the Stanford–Binet for African American children at age 10. Significant relations were also found for the verbal, abstract/visual, and quantitative subscales. Additional predictors of IQ at age 10 included mother’s IQ, home environment, and child’s report of depression.
Uurimus/research
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Childhood Behavior at Age 6 to 7 Years:
Moderate to heavy levels of prenatal alcohol exposure have been associated with alterations in child behavior, but limited data are available on adverse effects after low levels of exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effect of prenatal alcohol exposure for adverse child behavior outcomes at 6 to 7 years of age.
Uurimus/research (PEDIATRICS)
Drinking Moderately and Pregnancy
Children exposed to moderate levels of alcohol during pregnancy show growth deficits and intellectual and behavioral problems similar to, although less severe than, those found in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Research has begun to examine the extent to which these problems affect the child’s ability to function on a day-to-day basis at school and with peers. Findings indicate that “moderate” drinking has much more impact on child development when the mother consumes several drinks in a single day than when she drinks the same quantity in doses of one to two drinks per day over several days.
Uurimus/research (NIAAA)
Alkoholi poliitika/Alcohol policy
Sex Differences in Adolescent Exposure to Alcohol Advertising in Magazines
Alcohol companies spent $590.4 million to place 471 beer and ale advertisements (8%), 4748 distilled spirits advertisements (76%), 116 low-alcohol refresher advertisements (2%), and 904 advertisements for wine (14%) in magazines in 2001 and 2002. In 2002, underage youth saw 45% more beer and ale advertising, 12% more distilled spirits advertising, 65% more low-alcohol refresher advertising, and 69% less advertising for wine than persons 21 years and older. Girls aged 12 to 20 years were more likely to be exposed to beer, ale, and low-alcohol refresher advertising than women in the group aged 21 to 34 or women in the group aged 21 years and older. Girls’ exposure to low-alcohol refresher advertising increased by 216% from 2001 to 2002, while boys’ exposure increased 46%.
Uurimus/research
Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse
Drug misuse and abuse are major health problems. Harmful drugs are regulated according to classification systems that purport to relate to the harms and risks of each drug. The ranking of drugs produced by our assessment of harm differed from those used by current regulatory systems. Our methodology offers a systematic framework and process that could be used by national and international regulatory bodies to assess the harm of current and future drugs of abuse.
Uurimus/research (Lancet)
Comparative Analysis of Alcohol Control Policies in 30 Countries
The strenght of alcohol control policies, as estimated by the Alcohol Policy Index, varied widely among 30 countries located in Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. The study revealed a clear inverse relationship between policy strength and alcohol consumption. The Index provides a straightforward tool for facilitating international comparisons. In addition, it can help policymakers review and strengthen existing regulations aimed at minimizing alcohol-related harm and estimate the likely impact of policy changes.
Uurimus/research (Plos Medicine)
Ravi/Treatment
The orexin system regulates alcohol-seeking in rats
Scientists at Melbourne’s Howard Florey Institute have discovered a system in the brain that stops an alcoholic’s craving for alcohol, as well as prevent relapse once they have recovered from alcohol addiction.
Uurimus/research (BJP) Artikkel (Howard Florey Institute)
